PESTICIDE REGISTRATION PROGRAM

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Department of Environmental Biochemistry

College of Tropical Agriculture & Human Resouces (CTAHR)

University of Hawaii at Manoa

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PROGRAM PERSONNEL

• Analytical Laboratory

• Dr. Qing X. Li, Residue Research Director
• Karl Yanagihara, Laboratory Manager
• Joan Yanagihara, Analyst
• Gladys Leong, Analyst
• Field Research
• Dr. Mike Kawate, Field Research Director
• Julia Coughlin, Entomologist
• James Kam, Horticulturist
• Quality Assurance
• Renee Harada, Quality Assurance Officer

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TOPICS

REGISTRATION OF PESTICIDES FOR USE IN MINOR CROPS

INTERREGIONAL RESEARCH PROJECT NO. 4 (IR-4)

PESTICIDE REGISTRATION PROGRAM'S PROJECT UPDATES

ONGOING PROJECTS

COMPLETED PROJECTS AWAITING TOLERANCE ESTABLISHMENT OR REGISTRATION

REREGISTRATION PROJECTS SUPPORTED

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REGISTRATION OF PESTICIDES FOR USE IN MINOR CROPS

Pests (e.g., insects, weeds, and diseases) can severely reduce growers' yields and increase the cost of production. Although cultural, physical, mechanical, and biological methods of pest control may be available, they may not individually or collectively be feasible for the grower to implement. Chemicals (i.e., pesticides) are another tool growers can use to mitigate losses due to pests. However, growers cannot use just any pesticide; the crop on which the pesticide will be applied must be listed on the pesticide product's label. And for food crops, a tolerance must first be established by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) before a chemical company can list a crop grown for food on a pesticide product's label. A tolerance is the maximum amount of pesticide residue than can remain in or on a crop at the time of harvest. Once the tolerance is established, the crop can be included on the pesticide's label along with the specific directions for use. Only then can growers legally use the pesticide for use on the crop. The process is very costly, complex ,and time-consuming. It is estimated that a minimum of six years is required, if all goes well, to successfully register a pesticide for use in a minor crop.

INTERREGIONAL RESEARCH PROJECT NO. 4 (IR-4)

IR-4 is a USDA-supported program that provides limited funding and a mechanism to register pesticides for use in minor crops. Registering a pesticide use in a minor crop involves generating efficacy, phytotoxicity, and residue data, preparing a tolerance petition, paying tolerance review fees, etc., which is a costly process. Sales of pesticide product from many minor crop registrations would not recover the costs associated with obtaining the registrations. Therefore, although the need for a pesticide exists in minor crops, registrants (chemical companies) are reluctant to register the use if no return on their investment is projected. IR-4 was established in 1963 to provide some incentive for registrants to register pesticides for use in minor crops.

PROJECT UPDATES

The following tables provide updates of various pesticide registration projects (efficacy and residue) in Hawai'i.

	Pesticide Registration Program - Ongoing Projects
CROP	PESTICIDE (trade name)
banana	dinotefuran (Venom), spirotetramat (Movento)	Efficacy trials for aphid control completed. Residue trial for spirotetramat scheduled for 2008.
carambola	fludioxonil (Maxim)	Cooperative project w/ FL. Postharvest treatment. Residue trial scheduled for 2008.
coffee	glufosinate (Rely)	Efficacy trial completed. IR-4 project proposed. Need go-ahead from Bayer.
coffee	oxyfluorfen (GoalTender)	For over-the-top vine control; residue trials (5) ongoing, 2007-2008.
coffee	spinosad (Success)	For banana moth control; residue trials scheduled for 2008.
coffee	spirotetramat (Movento)	Efficacy trials against green scale ongoing.
ginger	glufosinate (Rely), carfentrazone (Aim), pyraflufen (ET)	Efficacy trial completed. IR-4 project proposed.
guava	mancozeb	Field residue trial completed, 2007.
lychee	spirodiclofen (Envidor)	Field residue trial (1) completed, 2007. Cooperative project with FL (2); mite control.
mango	pyraclostrobin (Cabrio), pyraclostrobin + boscalid (Pristine), cyprodinil + fludioxonil (Switch)	Efficacy trials needed for anthracnose control.
papaya	glufosinate (Rely), carfentrazone (Aim), pyraflufen (ET)	Efficacy trial completed. IR-4 project proposed.
papaya	famoxadone + cymoxanil (Tanos), zoxamide (Gavel), cyazofamid (Ranman), famoxadone (Reason), cymoxanil (Curzate).	Efficacy against Phytophthora. Heat treatment phytotoxicity test.
papaya	imidacloprid (Provado)	Field residue trials (3) completed. Residue analyses ongoing. To reduce PHI to 0 days.
papaya	pyraclostrobin (Cabrio), pyraclostrobin + boscalid (Pristine), cyprodinil + fludioxonil (Switch)	Efficacy against anthracnose and black spot. Heat treatment phytoxocity test.
persimmon	pyraclostrobin + boscalid (Pristine)	Field residue trial (1) completed, 2007. Residue analyses ongoing.
pineapple	1,3-dichloropropene (Cordon)	Field residue trials ongoing, 2007-2008.
rambutan	NAA	Field residue trial (1) ongoing, 2007.
taro	glufosinate (Rely), carfentrazone (Aim), pyraflufen (ET)	Efficacy trial completed IR-4 project proposed.
taro	metaldehyde (Deadline)	Field residue trials (3) ongoing, 2007.
taro	linuron (Lorox)	Efficacy trial for possible additional preemergence herbicide.
ti	oxyfluorfen (Goal)	Field residue trials (2) completed. Residue analyses ongoing.
tropical fruits	fenpropathrin (Danitol)	Field residue trials (3) completed; lychee, guava, atemoya. Residue analyses ongoing. Cooperative project with FL.
watercress	dinotefuran (Venom)	Field residue trials (2) completed.. Residue analyses ongoing

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	Pesticide Registration Program - Completed Projects Awaiting Tolerance Establishment
CROP	PESTICIDE (trade name)
coffee	buprofezin (Applaud)	Awaiting tolerance petition submission from IR-4 to EPA.
papaya	myclobutanil (Rally)	Tolerance proposed 04/04/07; long delay due to EPA’s concern with triazole fungicides. Awaiting final ruling by EPA.
papaya	trifloxystrobin (Flint)	Tolerance proposed 09/13/06. Awaiting final ruling by EPA.
papaya	pyraclostrobin + boscalid (Pristine)	Tolerances proposed 04/04/07. Awaiting final ruling by EPA. Efficacy data provided; tolerance covered by avocado.
papaya	cyprodinil + fludioxonil (Switch)	Tolerance petition submitted to EPA (06/07). Efficacy data provided; tolerance covered by avocado. (Switch not licensed for sale in HI.)
papaya	triflumizole (Procure)	Tolerance petition submitted to EPA (08/07).
peach palm (pejibaye)	oxyfluorfen (Goal)	Tolerance petition submission to EPA (09/07); risk cup is full; therefore all potential new uses on hold.
persimmon	chlorothalonil (Bravo)	Tolerance petition submitted to EPA (09/07); EPA concerned with triazole fungicides.
pineapple	abamectin (Agri-Mek)	Awaiting tolerance petition submission from IR-4 to EPA; project on-hold.
pineapple	spinosad (Success)	Tolerance proposed 05/09/07; NAFTA project.
pineapple	triflumizole (Procure0	Tolerance petition submitted to EPA (08/07).
taro	zoxamide (Gavel)	Project completed but on-hold because mancozeb tolerance needed.

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	Pesticide Registration Program - Reregistration Projects Supported
CROP	PESTICIDE (trade name)
banana	diuron (Karmex)	Registration maintained.
coffee	oxyfluorfen (Goal)	Registration maintained.
coffee	fluazifop (Fusilade)	Residue trials (2) scheduled in 2008 to maintain existing field use rate.
guava	malathion	Registration maintained.
macadamia	malathion	Registration maintained.
papaya	malathion	Registration maintained.
passion fruit	malathion	Registration maintained.
pineapple	malathion	Registration maintained.
watercress	diazinon (DZN AG500)	Registration maintained; canceled by EPA May 2006.
watercress	malathion	Registration maintained.

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	Pesticide Registration Program - Successes
CROP	PESTICIDE (trade name)
banana	oxyfluorfen (Goal)	Directed, preemergence weed control.
banana	spinosad (Entrust, Success)	Thrips and caterpillar control.
banana	imidacloprid (Provado, Admire)	Banana aphid control.
basil	metalaxyl (Ridomil)	Pre-, at-, and post-plant applications.
cabbage, chinese	copper hydroxide (Kocide), mefenoxam (Ridomil), azoxystrobin (Amistar), etc.	Efficacy against white rust.
coffee	ethephon (Ethrel)	Harvest aid. Awaiting label from manufacturer (Bayer CropScience).
coffee	imidacloprid (Provado, Admire)	Green scale control.
coffee	glyphosate (Roundup)	Postemergence weed control; shortened PHI to 1 day.
durian, mangosteen, rambutan, etc.	glyphosate (Roundup)	Postemergence weed control.
ginger	paraquat (Gramoxone)	Postemergence weed control. Awaiting label from manufacturer (Syngenta).
green onion	cyromazine (Trigard)	Leafminer control.
Indian mulberry (noni)	carfentrazone (Aim)	Broadleaf weed control.
Indian mulberry (noni)	glyphosate (Roundup)	Postemergence weed control. Awaiting label.
kava	imidacloprid (Provado, Admire)	Aphid control.
macadamia	fosetyl-Al (Aliette)	Phytophthora control.
peach palm (pejibaye)	glyphosate (Roundup)	Postemergence weed control.
papaya	mefenoxam + copper hydroxide (Ridomil Gold Copper)	Phytophthora control.
papaya	permethrin (Pounce, Ambush)	Leafhopper control; supported a 24(c) registration (now canceled)
papaya	malathion (Aquamul), oil (Biocover)	Efficacy demonstration of registered insecticides against white peach scale.
papaya	buprofezin (Applaud)	White peach scale and papaya mealybug control.
persimmon	azoxystrobin (Quadris)	Crop group registration (me, too); leaf spot control.
persimmon	clofentezine (Apollo)	Eriophyid mite control.
persimmon	copper hydroxide (Kocide)	Efficacy and phytotoxicity trial conducted in HI supports the current registration.
persimmon	imidacloprid (Provado, Admire)	Mealybug and scale control; covered with papaya data.
pineapple	propiconazole (Tilt)	Seed-piece and post-harvest dip.
pineapple	quizalofop (Assure)	Postemergence grass control.
taro	azoxystrobin (Amistar)	Registered with tuber and corm crop group.
taro	dimethomorph (Acrobat)	Need to register alternating fungicide for this fungicide to be useful.
taro	imidacloprid (Admire)	Soil application only. Root aphid control.
taro	imidacloprid (Provado)	Foliar application for aphids; luau leaf production.
ti	glyphosate (Roundup)	Crop group registration (me, too); nonselective postemergence weed control.
various orchard crops	hydramethylnon (Amdro)	Ant control in bait stations; and, fostered registration of the broadcast application in pineapple.
watercress	azoxystrobin (Amistar)	Leaf spot control (cooperative project with FL).
watercress	imidacloprid (Provado)	Foliar application only. Garden fleahopper control.
watercress, dryland	malathion	Efficacy demonstration of malathion against plant hopper.

DO NOT USE THIS UPDATE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR PESTICIDE USE INFORMATION. ALMOST ALL OF THESE USES ARE NOT INCLUDED ON PESTICIDE PRODUCT LABELS. THEREFORE, BEFORE PURCHASING A PESTICIDE, READ THE ENTIRE LABEL TO DETERMINE IF IT CAN BE USED ON THE CROP YOU WANT TO APPLY IT TO AND, IF THE USE PATTERN SUITS YOUR NEEDS. THE LABEL IS THE LAW.

Questions or comments can be referred to:
Mike Kawate, Ph.D.
956-6008 (phone)
956-9675 (fax)
mike@hpirs.stjohn.hawaii.edu (email)

Document last updated: 29 October 2007

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